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- <text id=93TT1890>
- <title>
- June 14, 1993: Mandela And De Klerk Speak Out
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Jun. 14, 1993 The Pill That Changes Everything
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SOUTH AFRICA, Page 36
- Mandela And De Klerk Speak Out
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>In exclusive interviews, South Africa's balck and white leaders
- both profess optimism about a multiracial future
- </p>
- <p>F.W. De Klerk
- </p>
- <p> F.W. DE KLERK
- </p>
- <p> Q. The announcement of the election suggests the tide of history
- is running against you and the National Party.
- </p>
- <p> A. No, not at all. We've been in the lead of this process all
- the time. What is happening is exactly what we envisaged should
- happen, as the result of our initiatives. We see a major role
- for ourselves in the future; we are not liquidating as a political
- force. The National Party opened its membership to all South
- Africans a few years ago, and we should no longer be regarded
- as a party representative of only white South Africans.
- </p>
- <p> Q. After next April you don't expect to be State President?
- </p>
- <p> A. Being State President isn't important. There is already a
- convergence of opinion that for a period of five years we need
- a government of national unity, with a form of power sharing
- among the parties who attain a reasonable percentage of the
- total vote. There is no doubt that we will be one of the major
- players.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Is it your bottom line that there must be entrenched power
- sharing at the Executive level in the final constitution?
- </p>
- <p> A. No. We asked for power sharing, and we will get it in the
- transitional period in a government of national unity. We believe
- it would be necessary to have a form of power sharing also in
- terms of a final constitution, but we have a totally open mind
- as to how that should be structured. I do not think a permanent
- form of enforced coalition can be written into a final constitution.
- But we need more than five years to ensure that the various
- components of our community will all feel secure and that they
- need not fear suppression or the misuse of power. We must ensure
- that there will never be domination again in South Africa. I'm
- not talking about minority vetoes but about preventing the misuse
- of power to the detriment of minorities.
- </p>
- <p> Q. So you're not demanding a minority veto?
- </p>
- <p> A. We never stood for a minority veto. To oversimplify it, what
- we think is that if you get 51% of the vote, you don't get 100%
- of the power: you get 51% of the power.
- </p>
- <p> Q. It sounds like you're trying to take the prize away from
- the winner.
- </p>
- <p> A. Well, in the U.S. they found ways and means of limiting the
- power of the Executive to such an extent that the presidency
- is quite circumscribed. What I am pleading for is that we must
- move away from the winner-take-all system that we inherited
- from Great Britain. It works in homogeneous societies, but it
- is not the right system for a big country with vast regional
- interests and many language and cultural groups. It is not a
- question of taking the prize away, but of ensuring that a government
- won't be able to do again what the National Party did with absolute
- power, merely because it had a majority.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Do you ever worry that you're the South African Gorbachev
- and that the winds you unleash will blow you aside?
- </p>
- <p> A. No, I don't think that is a true comparison. I'm not changing
- the very essence of a philosophy; I'm broadening democracy.
- It is not as if we are moving from the dark ages where there
- was no form of democracy suddenly into a new system. I'm not
- moving from communism to free-market enterprise. We have a basically
- sound economy. South Africans have been prepared for the final
- process of reconciling with each other, of becoming part of
- one entity and one nation, over a long period.
- </p>
- <p> Q. What reason is there to fear an A.N.C. government?
- </p>
- <p> A. I think its alliance with the South African Communist Party
- is one of the main stumbling blocks in the hearts and minds
- of the overwhelming majority of South Africans. As the A.N.C.
- now is, if they were to get absolute power, I think people would
- have to fear them because they have wild elements in their ranks.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Are you confident Mandela is up to being South Africa's leader?
- </p>
- <p> A. I really don't want to discuss my opponents and interlocutors.
- I'll be fighting an election against him. But I don't fight
- on an ad hominem basis. I have respect for him. He is highly
- intelligent. He has a strong personality. We get along well
- together as opponents, and we find it possible to put our differences
- aside to try to create the circumstances which can bring peace
- to our country. There's a mutual acceptance of each other's
- integrity.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Are whites afraid of the prospect of a black President?
- </p>
- <p> A. I won a referendum among whites with more than a two-thirds
- majority, and they had a very clear picture of the ultimate
- goal we had in mind. So I think the shock of the change away
- from the old to the new system has already been accommodated
- by most whites.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Do you expect international economic or political help now?
- </p>
- <p> A. The sooner the few remaining sanctions are lifted, the sooner
- we will be able to address the heartrending problems many of
- our people have. South Africa's future lies in Africa, and the
- developed world cannot sit by and see a continent go to pieces.
- South Africa can play an extremely constructive role as a partner
- with the international community in addressing the problems
- of Africa.
- </p>
- <p> Q. How will you deal with people's high expectations?
- </p>
- <p> A. I think it is one of the biggest challenges we face. I'm
- glad to see the A.N.C. leadership is beginning to realize this
- too and is publicly starting to admonish their crowds and cool
- down the expectations. But no one will be able to do it on his
- own. How we fight the election campaign is going to be very
- important: we must start to defuse unduly high expectations.
- I also think our economy is poised for a good recovery that
- could have a fairly substantial effect within a short period.
- </p>
- <p> Q. What role might you play in the new government?
- </p>
- <p> A. I think I'll be part of the top management of the country,
- playing a crucial and leading role in stabilizing our country,
- in the reconciliation process, in interacting with the international
- community.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Is the April election going to be the biggest fight of your
- political life?
- </p>
- <p> A. No. At the moment my party has lost a lot of support, but
- not because people have deserted us and have joined other parties.
- There's a lot of uncertainty, a lot of apprehension--the violence
- coupled with the fact that we haven't reached a final agreement
- so that people can draw conclusions about the future. Once we
- have those agreements, we will get a more clear-cut position
- of the political parties. Then I will attain very strong support
- from all sections of our community because there is a very strong
- belief that moderate leadership is essential for the future.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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